Industrialisation pattern in Australia

Industrialisation pattern in Australia Much of the pattern of industrialisation in Australia was focused on unlocking the abundances of natural resources that lay in the country and using it to fuel an economic development. The pattern of industrialisation in many countries tends to begin with exploiting the inorganic sources of energy, which Australia had a certain amount of in coal. Secondly, the next requirement was for an extensive labour force which the post-war immigration programme supplied. Finally, it required a certain amount of infrastructure, which in a country as geographically vast as Australia proved to be a vital element. Following the Great Depression of the 1920s and the poor growth of the 1930s that culminated in the Second World War, the stage was set for Australia to create an economic boom that lasted through the 1960s and much of the 1970s. Japan emerged as the primary market for Australian exports, replacing Britain as the major market, and the stage seemed set for increased growth. However, as wil l be seen, the sustainability of this economic growth is in question and problems were only narrowly avoided by the development of service-led industries in the 1990s. Following the Second World War, new financial institutions were created in Australia to attempt to alleviate the troubles from before the 1940s. Before the First World War, the bulk of investment in Australia had come from private British Investors through specialised investment banks. However, by the 1930s, confidence had fallen and very little capital flowed into Australia leaving a dearth in investment. However, after 1945 the international price for primary products increased substantially setting the market-driven context for Australian growth. In 1945 Australia was not well integrated in the Asia-Pacific region, and this meant the country initially looked towards Britain and the USA in the first instance. However, after achieving independence in 1952, Japanese industrial output increased, as a result of it holding a significant amount of manufacturing capability as a result of its output during the war. This provided Australia with a significantly closer market for its raw mate rials and thus helped fuel the continued development of its mining and refining industries. International capital was at its highest, the population influx provided a burgeoning increase in the market and the stage appeared to be set for continued and sustained economic growth. The difficult with establishing the success of Australian economic growth tends to lie with the contrast of the enormous success of the initial years with the steady decline of later years. Not only did the real economic growth of Australia steadily decline, from 6.4% in 1950-4 to 2.6% in 1875-79, its share of World economic growth steadily declined in this period. Australias share of World Trade declined throughout this period from 2.8% in 1950 to 1.5% in 1972. This suggested that the foundation of the long boom was unsustainable in the long run. It has been argued that smaller countries need to rely heavily on a balance of trade, and Australia is the only small economy in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) that is not a heavy trader and in fact is the third most closed economy. There was a decline in investment in Australian manufacturing in the late 1960s, and the share of total employment fell from 22.8% in 1974 to 17.8%. In the early 1990s, Austral ia experienced a recession with 11% unemployment. From the criteria that successful industrialisation should lay the foundation for sustained growth in the future, or at least relative sustained growth (i.e. increased growth relative to other countries), the Australian industrialisation has not been particularly successful. The reconstruction of the international economy following the 25 years after 1945 provided an important stimulus to economic growth that many nations took advantage of. Australia responded by undergoing a significant industrial revolution. However, it only held a relative advantage that gave it a great starting point. Increased migration, improved infrastructure and inflows of foreign development led to a vast increase in industrial output both in the supply of raw materials and in the creation of a manufacturing base in the country. However, the growth was not sustained and was reliant upon other countries sustaining their imports of Australian goods which was a poor foundation as was exposed after 1973. Nevertheless, Australia had created a secure welfare state, sustained an increased immigration policy and was able to adapt to the challenges with which it was presented. The growth in service industries in the 1990s lay upon the basis of a strong industrial base, and thus it can ha rdly be said that industrialisation was in any way a disaster. Therefore it can be concluded that Australia was relatively successful in industrialising between 1950 and 1973 it was not as successful as it could have been when viewed retrospectively, but it certainly made itself into an industrialised nation with great prospects for sustaining economic growth into the future.

An Independent Cuba :: Cuba Politics Political Cuban Essays

An Independent Cuba Fidel Castro’s belief of a Cuba libre was not only his; many Cubans envisioned an independent Cuba, ‘A Cuba that could have been’. Plenty felt the urge to raise their voices and prove their discontent and patriotism to the world, but what could have been remained a silent whisper. Furthermore illiteracy and ignorance encircled a big chunk of society one which could not comprehend the causes and effects of such a term as ‘imperial’. In Thomas G. Patterson’s Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution, Nixon is quoted expressing that Castro is "either incredibly naive about communism or under communist discipline." (Paterson 257) His assumption was most probably correct "Pazzo recalled that Castro did not want to appear as one more Latin American leader ‘sold out’ to imperialism." (Paterson 257) Cuba’s history is revealed in numerous writings like Marifeli Perez-Stable’s The Cuban Revolu tion: Origins, Course and Legacy ,and other documents which will be used to support the idea that Cuba was not a victim of it’s own rebellion, but one of a ‘wrong leader’, if one might say, and a harsh and complicated past. In addition the United States’ imperialism caused that many succeed and even more undergo horrendous treatment, illiteracy and inadequate lifestyles for the US own benefit. This caused the Cuban revelation, so why still ask why. In Perez-Stable her antagonism towards the United States is fairly obvious. The US was controlling a huge amount of Cuba’s income. Cuba needed the income to rebuilt the farms and mills after the Depression. The United States gave the capital necessary to reconstruct but remained in charge of the land. During this time 75% of the land was held by 8% of the farms. "US capital promoted economic reconstruction but undermined national control of the economy. Trade reciprocity favored US imports,weakened existing industries, and discouraged new ones. More than 350 Cuban-owned establishments closed their doors early in the 20th century" (Perez-Stable 17 She also quotes Manuel Rionda, a planter who wrote: "So the Cubans, the real Cubans, do not own much." It’s an unpleasant thought that after so much blood shed and so many patriots that gave their lives to free themselves from an authoritarian and also dictatorial government (Spanish rule), they must continue to work and sacrifice for a government disguised as democratic and almost perfect. When they are truly parasites that only mean to deindustrialize Cuba and are as authoritarian as the rest. An Independent Cuba :: Cuba Politics Political Cuban Essays An Independent Cuba Fidel Castro’s belief of a Cuba libre was not only his; many Cubans envisioned an independent Cuba, ‘A Cuba that could have been’. Plenty felt the urge to raise their voices and prove their discontent and patriotism to the world, but what could have been remained a silent whisper. Furthermore illiteracy and ignorance encircled a big chunk of society one which could not comprehend the causes and effects of such a term as ‘imperial’. In Thomas G. Patterson’s Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution, Nixon is quoted expressing that Castro is "either incredibly naive about communism or under communist discipline." (Paterson 257) His assumption was most probably correct "Pazzo recalled that Castro did not want to appear as one more Latin American leader ‘sold out’ to imperialism." (Paterson 257) Cuba’s history is revealed in numerous writings like Marifeli Perez-Stable’s The Cuban Revolu tion: Origins, Course and Legacy ,and other documents which will be used to support the idea that Cuba was not a victim of it’s own rebellion, but one of a ‘wrong leader’, if one might say, and a harsh and complicated past. In addition the United States’ imperialism caused that many succeed and even more undergo horrendous treatment, illiteracy and inadequate lifestyles for the US own benefit. This caused the Cuban revelation, so why still ask why. In Perez-Stable her antagonism towards the United States is fairly obvious. The US was controlling a huge amount of Cuba’s income. Cuba needed the income to rebuilt the farms and mills after the Depression. The United States gave the capital necessary to reconstruct but remained in charge of the land. During this time 75% of the land was held by 8% of the farms. "US capital promoted economic reconstruction but undermined national control of the economy. Trade reciprocity favored US imports,weakened existing industries, and discouraged new ones. More than 350 Cuban-owned establishments closed their doors early in the 20th century" (Perez-Stable 17 She also quotes Manuel Rionda, a planter who wrote: "So the Cubans, the real Cubans, do not own much." It’s an unpleasant thought that after so much blood shed and so many patriots that gave their lives to free themselves from an authoritarian and also dictatorial government (Spanish rule), they must continue to work and sacrifice for a government disguised as democratic and almost perfect. When they are truly parasites that only mean to deindustrialize Cuba and are as authoritarian as the rest.

New Global Patterns

For each term, person, or place listed at the beginning of the section, write a sentence explaining its significance.French Indochina – the name given to the colonies in Southeast Asia that were under French control. Significant of European imperialism in Asia and the pressure that was placed on it by Western and European powers.Mongkut – the king of Siam who by studying modern science, mathematics, and language was able to uphold his country and keep it from European rule and pushed Siam into a period of modernization.Spanish-American War – a struggle between the United States and Spain over the independence of Cuba.Was significant in the US’s ability to win and take control of Cuba.Liliuokalani – the queen of Hawaii had attempted to resist foreign influences but did not succeed as the United States overpowered her. Led to the imperialism of all Pacific islands by European powers.2. Reading Strategy: Identify Causes and Effects-How did industrializ ed powers divide up Southeast Asia and the Pacific, and how did the colonized peoples react?Powers such as the Dutch, British, and French were able to use the rivalries between local communities of Southeast Asia to their advantage by using new technologies and armies to conquer new colonies.In the Pacific the United States, Germany, and Britain had extraterritorial rights in Samoa and had a triple protectorate in action. Even after leaders of the former independent countries that became colonized tried to fight off foreign influence, the Western powers were always able to gain control of all except Siam. People of the colonies had pushed hard to resist the imperialist force and in the end after colonization, they adopted the ideals of the powers that controlled them by means of modernization. 3. Summarize – What steps did Siam take to preserve its independence? King Mongkut had studied foreign languages and on modern sciences and mathematics. He gained much knowledge and didn’t underestimate the power of the Europeans and took smarter approaches to resisting imperialism. He heavily negotiated with the Western powers by forming unequal treaties, much like the ones the Western powers had been using to take advantage of others. Mongkut was successful and was able to keep Siam out of the clutches of imperialism and soon after with the aid of his son Chulalongkorn was able to start a modernization movement to strengthen the country. Draw Conclusions – Why were Filipino rebels disappointed when the United States took control of the Philippines?During the Spanish-American War, the Philippines was able declare independence from Spain and decided to fight alongside the US to help in the effort. Rebels were disappointed because they had expected the US would acknowledge their independence after helping them defeat Spain. Instead, the US offered to buy Spain’s control of the Philippines for $20 million and the US was able to imperialize the Philippines which outrages rebels.4. Synthesize Information – How did Hawaii become part of the United States?The US had been part of the triple protectorate between the US, Germany, and Britain. The US exclusively had pushed for power in Hawaii and the American planters were able to overthrow Liliuokalani and her efforts to halt Western influence and supporters of annexation convinced the US that if they did not act for power in Hawaii, other countries would s oon interfere. This convinced the US to lock in its power in Hawaii.6. Make Comparisons- Compare the partition of Southeast Asia to the partition of Africa. How was it similar? How was it different?I see the partition of Asia and Africa similarly in the sense that both means of imperialism were the same. The powers used the same tactics to partitions colonies in both areas. They used unequal treaties, used a country’s weakness to their advantage such as local conflicts, used new technologies and armies as a means of conquering, and made the same modernization changes to society such as education, politics, transportation, economy, societal, etc.The main difference I seemed to remember was that the reason for imperializing these two parts of the eastern world was for Africa, the main idea was always based on social Darwinism and there seemed to be less multiple protectorates in Africa than in Asia. Also the struggle for Africa was mainly for resource benefits as opposed to Sou theast Asia where concern of resource supply wasn’t discussed in the section.

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buy custom Learning Objectives essay The trainee has to know the following: How to undertake a personal wound care, clean the wound properly, apply the necessary medication, use various menus in the computer. Select an appropriate file for the documentation of the patients details such as: age, severity of the wound, and medication. Having basic skills in health care delivery, with a minimum of academic knowledge in secondary level health science, shall be a requirement to understand the basics of the task performance, and to be able to follow them precisely and in a careful manner Performance The trainee is required to gain the following knowledge: Properly nurse a wound Correctly document patients details using Microsoft Excel. The details shall include: name, age, phone number, and prescribed medication information How to take care of patients through keeping management records,, wound treatment, providing feedback to wound situation, administration of first aid, supervision of drug administration, and assistance to wounded patients. The trainee is expected to attend all of the safety seminars so as to acquit themselves with the vital precaution measures. Buy custom Learning Objectives essay

Free Essays on Fighting Against The Death Penalty

Fighting Against the Death Penalty A Supreme Court decision in 1972 declared that the imposition and carrying out of the death penalty constitutes cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S Constitution. (Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S.238) The majority of the Court based its objections on the way death-penalty laws had been applied, finding the result so "harsh, freakish, and arbitrary" as to be constitutionally unacceptable. Making the nationwide impact of its decision unmistakable, the Court instantly reversed death sentences in the many previous cases. Within four years after the Furman decision, more than 600 people had been sentenced to death under new capital-punishment statutes that provided guidance for the jury's sentencing discretion. In July 1976, the Supreme Court moved in the opposite direction, holding that the punishment of death does not invariably violate the Constitution. The Court ruled that these new statutes contained objective standards to guide, r egularize, and make rationally review able the process for imposing the sentence of death. (Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S.153). Despite the Supreme Court's 1976 ruling in Gregg v. Georgia, the ACLU continues to oppose capital punishment on moral and practical, as well as on constitutional, grounds: Capital punishment is cruel and unusual. It is a relic of the earliest days of penology, when slavery, branding, and other corporal punishments were commonplace. Like those other barbaric practices, executions have no place in a civilized society (U.S Dept. of Justice). Capital punishment denies due process of law. Its imposition is arbitrary and irrevocable. It forever deprives an individual of benefits for new evidence or new law that might warrant the reversal of a conviction or the setting aside of a death sentence (U.S Dept. of Justice). The argument most often cited in support of capital punishment is that th... Free Essays on Fighting Against The Death Penalty Free Essays on Fighting Against The Death Penalty Fighting Against the Death Penalty A Supreme Court decision in 1972 declared that the imposition and carrying out of the death penalty constitutes cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S Constitution. (Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S.238) The majority of the Court based its objections on the way death-penalty laws had been applied, finding the result so "harsh, freakish, and arbitrary" as to be constitutionally unacceptable. Making the nationwide impact of its decision unmistakable, the Court instantly reversed death sentences in the many previous cases. Within four years after the Furman decision, more than 600 people had been sentenced to death under new capital-punishment statutes that provided guidance for the jury's sentencing discretion. In July 1976, the Supreme Court moved in the opposite direction, holding that the punishment of death does not invariably violate the Constitution. The Court ruled that these new statutes contained objective standards to guide, r egularize, and make rationally review able the process for imposing the sentence of death. (Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S.153). Despite the Supreme Court's 1976 ruling in Gregg v. Georgia, the ACLU continues to oppose capital punishment on moral and practical, as well as on constitutional, grounds: Capital punishment is cruel and unusual. It is a relic of the earliest days of penology, when slavery, branding, and other corporal punishments were commonplace. Like those other barbaric practices, executions have no place in a civilized society (U.S Dept. of Justice). Capital punishment denies due process of law. Its imposition is arbitrary and irrevocable. It forever deprives an individual of benefits for new evidence or new law that might warrant the reversal of a conviction or the setting aside of a death sentence (U.S Dept. of Justice). The argument most often cited in support of capital punishment is that th...

Raymond Carvers Catherdral Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Raymond Carvers Catherdral - Essay Example Robert had just lost his wife and was meeting her relatives in Connecticut. The narrator’s wife offers him a place to spend the night. While conversing with Robert, the narrator suddenly realizes that though Robert is blind, he is able to ‘see’ far better than the narrator with his eyesight. Thesis Statement The narrator comes upon the realization that even though Robert is blind, he is a better communicator because he uses his other senses of touch and perception as a means to establish a rapport with not only the narrator’s wife but his own wife Beulah as well. Thus Robert has had a much richer understanding with the narrator’s wife than the narrator himself- in comparison, their own conversational exchanges are few, terse and tensed. Discussion The short story writer Raymond Carver (1938-1988) has been acclaimed as one of the best proponents of this form of literature in the USA. His short but eventful life was tragic and interspersed with poverty and want. In a strange way, this state of affairs mirrors the life of Edgar Allan Poe, another short story writer of Gothic fiction. Both were slaves to the bottle. Born into a blue collar family where his father was a worker at a sawmill and his mother a waitress, Raymond nevertheless harbored a desire to write. This desire was sparked when Raymond attended creative writing classes in 1958 at Chico State College under the tutelage of John Gardner, another short story writer of some repute. Gardner took Carver under his wing and advised him to shorten his words from twenty five to fifteen to have a better effect. If that were not damning enough, the stringent editing of Carver’s editor Gordon Lish resulted in a further admonition and Carver having to condense his stories even further into five words for every fifteen. Of course, this would stifle Carver’s creativity and he ultimately rebelled against Lish (Halpert, 2005, 33). All writers love to have their own poetic license and freedom of expression. They also like the company of comrade souls with similar interests and outlook. This was probably one reason why Carter chose to divorce his longtime wife Maryann who was his childhood sweetheart (they had married when he was 19 and she 18 and had 2 kids by the time they were 20) and married another writer, Tess Gallagher in 1988. Their happiness was short lived though, Carver dying just six months into the marriage due to lung cancer. Carver uses a minimalist style and his stories are often sad and melancholy, yet they usually have a moral or lesson attached. One of more of the characters is likely to have been recovering from a tragedy, or set to become a victim of it. What is important is the reaction to this tragedy or circumstance. In Cathedral, the emphasis is on seeing rather than looking, feelings rather than appearances. The narrator does not seem to have a very good relationship or understanding with his wife. Their conversations are few and terse and strained, as though they are estranged or do not really understand or care for each other. For one, the narrator’s wife seems to recall her working experience with the blind man with pleasant memories. She especially recalls the way he touched her face, her neck, her hands etc. on her last day of work (Carver, 2008, 305). There is no sexual connotation here, it is just the element of feelings that the author wants to highlight. Despite his blindness, Robert seems to be imbued with a deep sense of

Individual Market Research Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Individual Market Research - Term Paper Example The manufactures recognized the need of special servers being embedded in blackberry phones, which make it, operate between the email and phone systems hence providing a better performance. Furthermore, this phone has been known to offer the best ever security as compared to other phones. Thirdly, the phone also do not only use ‘back’ buttons when it comes to multitasking. It has special flow features that allow one to effectively transit between the applications by the use of a finger to flick them to sides( OECD economic surveys. 2006 89-92).   At this moment, the peek features permits one to have a glance at the notifications and messages without exiting from the working application and open a hub. This attributes made it fly to the top rankings in the technology of phones.3.2. Apple phonesTo this phone, all the media related features can be noted. First, the phone is made to have an advanced iOS five, linked with cloud-integration. Secondly, the phone also has a go od voice interface and music streaming features and lastly a 4G connectivity (Landau, 1984 8-10). Among the many available attributes, these ones have been proved outstanding since every person who has this type of phone, praised it through the recognition of the above features. This phone is known by its high media capability. And since people are gradually moving from the world of median ignorance to the world of media addiction, then this phone proves to be the best of them all. Its technological approach during manufacturing is something that is worth of praise.